三、缺乏专业知识
科技翻译往往涉及众多领域,各种专业,为了提高翻译质量,译者不仅要熟练掌握英汉两门语言,而且也应具有一定的专业知识的素养。隔行如隔山,每个专业都有各自一套术语。 1. By the age of 19 Gauss had discovered for himself and proved a remarkable theorem in number theory known as the law of quadratic reciprocity. [误译]高斯十九岁已经独立地发现并证明了数理定理——二次互反律。 [分析]将number theory 误为“数理”,系不了解专业所致,其实它在数学上是指“数论”,与“数理”是两个不同的概念。 [正译]……并证明了数论中的一个卓越定理,名谓二次互反律。 2. Designed to predict the motions of hesavenly bodies ,it does its job with unbelievable accuracy——better than one in a hndred million for the motion of the earth around the sun——and it remains in daily use to predict the orbits of moons and planets ,comets and spacecraft. [误译]这个旨在预测天体运行的理论,其准确性令人难以置信——以地球绕太阳运转为例,其误差仅略大于一亿分之一,并且时至今日仍然每日要用它来预测卫星和行星、慧星和航天器的运行轨道。 [分析]原文并无“仅略”的含义,应删去。Better than 修饰accuracy,意为“准确度胜于”或“比……更为准确”,即“误差小于”。 [正译]……,其误差小于一亿分之一,……。 3. When allowance is made for the separate auxiliary load the consumption can rise to nearly 1 Ib/SHP hour and this is generally about 20% better than the overall fuel consumption of a steam plant at cruising speed. [误译]当考虑分开的辅机负荷时,其耗油率几乎能增加到1磅/轴马力小时,一般来说比蒸汽装置的巡航总油耗大约多20%。 [分析]此处better than 用来修饰“油耗”时必然指油耗低,而不是指油耗高。 [正译] ……,一般来说,这是比蒸汽装置在巡航速度时的总油耗约低20%。
四、缺乏背景知识
译者如不了解所译内容的背景,也易造成望文生义。 1. Anyone who has tugged heavy hand baggage down endless airport corridors, or waited for a deluged flight in a sterile lounge will bow how user unfriendly many airports are in design terms . [误译]任何人只要他曾拖着沉重的随身行李,走过无止境的机场走廊,或者曾在枯燥乏味的休息室里等候延误的班机,都会体会到许多机场在设计上对旅客多么不方便。 [分析]此处endless 误译为“无止境的”,实际上作“环状的”解(circular,with the ends joined ),一般大型国际机场,从候机室通向各跑道的走廊呈环状,两头是相联接的。 [正译] ……,走过环形的机场走廊,…… 2. I am/ we are carrying currency or monetary instruments over $ 10000 U.S. or foreign equivalent. [误译]我(我们)携带有货币或价值超过10000美元的仪器或嗟庇?0000美元的外币的仪器。 [分析]原译将instruments 作“仪器”解,显然是缺乏背景知识和脱离上下文所造成的失误。此处系指“证券,票据”;monetary instruments 应译“金融证券”。 [正译]我(我们)携带超过10000美元或等值外币现金或金融证券。
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